-
1 mapping of integrated chip using infrared microscope
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mapping of integrated chip using infrared microscope
-
2 direct measurement of the force of adhesion of a single particle using an atomic force microscope
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > direct measurement of the force of adhesion of a single particle using an atomic force microscope
-
3 microscopic
[ˌmaɪkrə'skɒpɪk]1) (minute) microscopico2) (using a microscope) [ examination] microscopico, al microscopio* * *[-'sko-]adjective (seen only by the aid of a microscope: microscopic bacteria.) microscopico* * *microscopic /maɪkrəˈskɒpɪk/, microscopical /maɪkrəˈskɒpɪkl/a.microscopically avv.* * *[ˌmaɪkrə'skɒpɪk]1) (minute) microscopico2) (using a microscope) [ examination] microscopico, al microscopio -
4 microscopic
microscopic [‚maɪkrəˈskɒpɪk]microscopique ; [examination, analysis] au microscope* * *[ˌmaɪkrə'skɒpɪk]1) ( minute) microscopique2) ( using a microscope) au microscope -
5 microscopic
-
6 microscopic
microscopic [‚maɪkrə'skɒpɪk](b) (using a microscope) au microscope, microscopiqueUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > microscopic
-
7 microscopic
adjective2) (fig.): (very small) winzig* * *[-'sko-]* * *micro·scop·ic[ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk, AM -ˈskɑ:p-]to look at sth in \microscopic detail etw haargenau prüfen fam3. (using microscope) analysis, examination mikroskopisch* * *["maIkrə'skɒpɪk]adj(in size) mikroskopisch (klein)in microscopic detail — bis ins kleinste Detail
* * *1. mikroskopisch (Untersuchung etc):b) fig etwas peinlich genau untersuchen;she has a microscopic eye for dust sie sieht selbst das kleinste Staubkörnchen;microscopic slide Objektträger m2. mikroskopisch klein, verschwindend klein (beide auch fig)* * *adjective2) (fig.): (very small) winzig* * *adj.mikroskopisch adj. -
8 Barnack, Oskar
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1879 Berlin, Germanyd. January 1936 Wetzlar, Germany[br]German camera designer who conceived the first Leica camera and many subsequent models.[br]Oskar Barnack was an optical engineer, introspective and in poor health, when in 1910 he was invited through the good offices of his friend the mechanical engineer Emil Mechau, who worked for Ernst Leitz, to join the company at Wetzlar to work on research into microscope design. He was engaged after a week's trial, and on 2 January 1911 he was put in charge of microscope research. He was an enthusiastic photographer, but excursions with his large and heavy plate camera equipment taxed his strength. In 1912, Mechau was working on a revolutionary film projector design and needed film to test it. Barnack suggested that it was not necessary to buy an expensive commercial machine— why not make one? Leitz agreed, and Barnack constructed a 35 mm movie camera, which he used to cover events in and around Wetzlar.The exposure problems he encountered with the variable sensitivity of the cine film led him to consider the design of a still camera in which short lengths of film could be tested before shooting—a kind of exposure-meter camera. Dissatisfied with the poor picture quality of his first model, which took the standard cine frame of 18×24 mm, he built a new model in which the frame size was doubled to 36×24 mm. It used a simple focal-plane shutter adjustable to 1/500 of a second, and a Zeiss Milar lens of 42 mm focal length. This is what is now known as the UR-Leica. Using his new camera, 1/250 of the weight of his plate equipment, Barnack made many photographs around Wetzlar, giving postcard-sized prints of good quality.Ernst Leitz Junior was lent the camera for his trip in June 1914 to America, where he was urged to put it into production. Visiting George Eastman in Rochester, Leitz passed on Barnack's requests for film of finer grain and better quality. The First World War put an end to the chances of developing the design at that time. As Germany emerged from the postwar chaos, Leitz Junior, then in charge of the firm, took Barnack off microscope work to design prototypes for a commercial model. Leitz's Chief Optician, Max Berek, designed a new lens, the f3.5 Elmax, for the new camera. They settled on the name Leica, and the first production models went on show at the Leipzig Spring Fair in 1925. By the end of the year, 1,000 cameras had been shipped, despite costing about two months' good wages.The Leica camera established 35 mm still photography as a practical proposition, and film manufacturers began to create the special fine-grain films that Barnack had longed for. He continued to improve the design, and a succession of new Leica models appeared with new features, such as interchangeable lenses, coupled range-finders, 250 exposures. By the time of his sudden death in 1936, Barnack's life's work had forever transformed the nature of photography.[br]Further ReadingJ.Borgé and G.Borgé, 1977, Prestige de la, photographie.BC -
9 Talbot, William Henry Fox
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 11 February 1800 Melbury, Englandd. 17 September 1877 Lacock, Wiltshire, England[br]English scientist, inventor of negative—positive photography and practicable photo engraving.[br]Educated at Harrow, where he first showed an interest in science, and at Cambridge, Talbot was an outstanding scholar and a formidable mathematician. He published over fifty scientific papers and took out twelve English patents. His interests outside the field of science were also wide and included Assyriology, etymology and the classics. He was briefly a Member of Parliament, but did not pursue a parliamentary career.Talbot's invention of photography arose out of his frustrating attempts to produce acceptable pencil sketches using popular artist's aids, the camera discura and camera lucida. From his experiments with the former he conceived the idea of placing on the screen a paper coated with silver salts so that the image would be captured chemically. During the spring of 1834 he made outline images of subjects such as leaves and flowers by placing them on sheets of sensitized paper and exposing them to sunlight. No camera was involved and the first images produced using an optical system were made with a solar microscope. It was only when he had devised a more sensitive paper that Talbot was able to make camera pictures; the earliest surviving camera negative dates from August 1835. From the beginning, Talbot noticed that the lights and shades of his images were reversed. During 1834 or 1835 he discovered that by placing this reversed image on another sheet of sensitized paper and again exposing it to sunlight, a picture was produced with lights and shades in the correct disposition. Talbot had discovered the basis of modern photography, the photographic negative, from which could be produced an unlimited number of positives. He did little further work until the announcement of Daguerre's process in 1839 prompted him to publish an account of his negative-positive process. Aware that his photogenic drawing process had many imperfections, Talbot plunged into further experiments and in September 1840, using a mixture incorporating a solution of gallic acid, discovered an invisible latent image that could be made visible by development. This improved calotype process dramatically shortened exposure times and allowed Talbot to take portraits. In 1841 he patented the process, an exercise that was later to cause controversy, and between 1844 and 1846 produced The Pencil of Nature, the world's first commercial photographically illustrated book.Concerned that some of his photographs were prone to fading, Talbot later began experiments to combine photography with printing and engraving. Using bichromated gelatine, he devised the first practicable method of photo engraving, which was patented as Photoglyphic engraving in October 1852. He later went on to use screens of gauze, muslin and finely powdered gum to break up the image into lines and dots, thus anticipating modern photomechanical processes.Talbot was described by contemporaries as the "Father of Photography" primarily in recognition of his discovery of the negative-positive process, but he also produced the first photomicrographs, took the first high-speed photographs with the aid of a spark from a Leyden jar, and is credited with proposing infra-red photography. He was a shy man and his misguided attempts to enforce his calotype patent made him many enemies. It was perhaps for this reason that he never received the formal recognition from the British nation that his family felt he deserved.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS March 1831. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1842. Grand Médaille d'Honneur, L'Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855. Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Edinburgh University, 1863.Bibliography1839, "Some account of the art of photographic drawing", Royal Society Proceedings 4:120–1; Phil. Mag., XIV, 1839, pp. 19–21.8 February 1841, British patent no. 8842 (calotype process).1844–6, The Pencil of Nature, 6 parts, London (Talbot'a account of his invention can be found in the introduction; there is a facsimile edn, with an intro. by Beamont Newhall, New York, 1968.Further ReadingH.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London.D.B.Thomas, 1964, The First Negatives, London (a lucid concise account of Talbot's photograph work).J.Ward and S.Stevenson, 1986, Printed Light, Edinburgh (an essay on Talbot's invention and its reception).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1977, The History of Photography, London (a wider picture of Talbot, based primarily on secondary sources).JWBiographical history of technology > Talbot, William Henry Fox
-
10 microscopic
to look at sth in \microscopic detail etw haargenau prüfen ( fam) -
11 X-ray
1. noun1) in pl. Röntgenstrahlen Pl.2) (picture) Röntgenaufnahme, die3) attrib. Röntgen-2. transitive verbröntgen; durchleuchten [Gepäck]* * *noun ((the process of taking) a photograph using X-rays: I'm going to hospital for an X-ray; We'll take an X-ray of your chest; ( also adjective) an X-ray photograph.) die Röntgenaufnahme, Röntgen-...* * *[ˈeksreɪ]I. nto give sb an \X-ray jdn röntgento go for an \X-ray sich akk röntgen lassenthe \X-ray department die RöntgenabteilungIII. vt* * *['eks'reɪ]1. nRöntgenstrahl m; (also X-ray photograph) Röntgenaufnahme f or -bild ntto take an X-ray of sth — etw röntgen, eine Röntgenaufnahme von etw machen
2. vtperson, heart röntgen, durchleuchten (dated); envelope, baggage durchleuchten* * *X-ray MED, PHYSA v/t [ˌeksˈreı; ˈeksreı]1. röntgen:a) ein Röntgenbild machen von2. mit Röntgenstrahlen behandeln, bestrahlenB adj [ˈeksreı] Röntgen…:X-ray astronomy Röntgenastronomie f;X-ray depiction Röntgendarstellung f;X-ray microscope Röntgenstrahlmikroskop n;* * *1. noun1) in pl. Röntgenstrahlen Pl.2) (picture) Röntgenaufnahme, die3) attrib. Röntgen-2. transitive verbröntgen; durchleuchten [Gepäck]* * *n.Röntgen n.
См. также в других словарях:
Microscope image processing — is a broad term that covers the use of digital image processing techniques to process, analyze and present images obtained from a microscope. Such processing is now commonplace in a number of diverse fields such as medicine, biological research,… … Wikipedia
microscope — /muy kreuh skohp /, n. 1. an optical instrument having a magnifying lens or a combination of lenses for inspecting objects too small to be seen or too small to be seen distinctly and in detail by the unaided eye. 2. (cap.) Astron. the… … Universalium
Optical microscope — Microscope Uses Small sample observation Notable experiments Discovery of cells Inventor Hans Lippershey Zacharias Jans … Wikipedia
Microscope — This article is about microscopes in general. For light microscopes, see optical microscope. Microscope Us … Wikipedia
Microscope — An optical instrument that augments the power of the eye to see small objects. The name microscope was coined by Johannes Faber (1574 1629) who in 1628 borrowed from the Greek to combined micro , small with skopein, to view. Although the first… … Medical dictionary
microscope — noun Etymology: New Latin microscopium, from micr + scopium scope Date: 1651 1. an optical instrument consisting of a lens or combination of lenses for making enlarged images of minute objects; especially compound microscope 2. a non optical… … New Collegiate Dictionary
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope — The electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope, or ESTM, was invented in 1988 by Kingo Itaya in Japan. With ESTM, the structures of surfaces and electrochemical reactions in solid liquid interfaces can be observed at atomic or molecular scales … Wikipedia
Electron microscope — Diagram of a transmission electron microscope A 197 … Wikipedia
Fluorescence microscope — An upright fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX61) with the fluorescent filter cube turret above the objective lenses, coupled with a digital camera. A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope used to study properties of organic or… … Wikipedia
Scanning electron microscope — These pollen grains taken on an SEM show the characteristic depth of field of SEM micrographs … Wikipedia
Environmental scanning electron microscope — Wool fibers imaged in an ESEM by the use of two symmetrical plastic scintillating backscattered electron detectors … Wikipedia
